Urbanism is formed of the interaction of two different, but related sciences of urban DESIGN and urban PLANNING which have changed and improved due to their mutual interaction. The contemporary urbanism developments unlike the past are accomplished via combining the urban DESIGN and PLANNING measures, so that they have a tendency to become a unique process. Consideration of urban environment in the process and PLANNING of the urban development has LED to a greater interaction between PLANNING and DESIGN and the necessity of taking it into account in the urban PLANNING process has resulted in the formation of new approaches in urbanism fields. In this research, which is of the comparative-analytical type, the conceptual model of DESIGN LED PLANNING approach has been proposed following library studies and analysis of the content of DESIGN-based PLANNING approach which is generally consisted of nine steps. 1) The plan statement: The city is continuously in need of PLANNING and DESIGNing. To solve the urban problems, there must always be programs defined by the city managers, in order to address shortcomings and appropriate measures in any particular condition. At the beginning of each project, background literature, theories and similar conducted studies might be explained in separate chapters. In the following section and based on the conceptual model (DLP) it is necessary to briefly explain the issues being studied and examine the considered DESIGN. Location, plan and DESIGN of the political context are explained. A general and basic vision is presented for the visualization of a desired future as well as the DESIGN of policies expressed in the PLANNING process. 2) The recognition, assessment and data analysis: In this stage, there needs to be a greater recognition of the situation. In general, recognition can be classified into four categories of knowLEDge that are: a) the prevailing climatic conditions such as temperature, wind direction, rainfall, the snow and the sunshine. b) General information about the economic, social and cultural features. c) Review and analysis of the study area in Upper documents. d) Recognition of the quality of the environment and the public space. 3) The explanation of the spatial and non-spatial integrated analysis: In the process of urban PLANNING and DESIGNing, possibilities and limitations are affecting the PLANNING and DESIGN of all different types of policies. At this stage of the process of the proposed model (DLP), possibilities and limitations identified in the previous stage are entered in GIS in the form of point features, line and polygon, and information on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats initiated in the database are inserted. 4) Explanation of the vision: Vision is a clear and concise description of future appearance of the city which will appear in the future, when the potentials of all its power put into effect. The importance of vision and visioning in the determination of economic, social and physical future of cities and districts is so significant that it can be considered as the heart of the process of urban PLANNING and DESIGNing. 5) Strategy formulation: Developing strategies in order to determine the various actions that are planned will achieve a coherent and considered vision. In accordance with the recognition of the study area defined and in the course of the realization of the vision, strategies need to be developed. 6) The modeling and preparation of the document framework of the urban PLANNING and DESIGNing: Structural DESIGN or urban DESIGN guidelines reflect the spatial and non-spatial urban DESIGNing policies which are shown based on the concept of optimization in the form of tables and maps in GIS. Urban PLANNING documents are prepared for areas that need control, guidance and encouragement in order to be changed and evolved. To reach fulfillment in showing flexibility in the preparation of urban DESIGN guideline documents, fuzzy logic (Fuzzy Logic) has been used and zoning maps with the relevant tables have been prepared using GIS. 7) Allocation of resources, standards and DESIGN patterns: The main motive for the implementation of development projects is consideration of financial resources. Consideration of financial expenses required for policies causes solidarity in their implementation. In urban PLANNING and DESIGNing, observing criteria and appropriate proposed patterns is necessary. 8) The projects and DESIGNing of proposed plans: To reach fulfillment in proposed policies, some projects must be considered at this stage and suggested maps must be drawn. Several projects May be required for each and every policy, or the implementation of one of the projects may make a policy become certain. In DESIGNing suggested maps, the allocation of resources, presented conditions and patterns must be considered as the bases of the DESIGN. 9) The implementation and monitoring: The implementation stage is a difficult part in the process of DESIGN LED PLANNING (DLP) in urban development plans. Implementation and monitoring are done at the same time. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms create feedback links in the DLP process.The DESIGN LED PLANNING approach in the process of making urban development plan considers different DESIGN policies in the process of PLANNING, and using a comprehensive and firm plan leads to achieve the determined goals and helps promote the quality of the city environment.

Review and evaluation of urban PLANNING process and assessment of development plans in past three decades in Iran confirms that these processes are not responding properly to the qualitative aspects of urban areas. The current situation stems from numerous reasons which could be found in rational nature or manipulative process of survey, development, approval and implementation of plans. To confront these problems and in order to learn from past experiences and develop an appropriate new process which could encompass both city PLANNING and DESIGN the past trends of city PLANNING process and its tradition has been studied. Consequently, DESIGN LED PLANNING approach is introduced as an intermediate approach which has been appeared at the commencement of 21 century in urban studies literatures. This approach which criticizes the linear relationship of urban PLANNING and urban DESIGN disciplines, tries to relate the two disciplines together. In practice this approach can have positive outcomes at all levels of the new strategic PLANNING hierarchy and policy oriented urban DESIGN. PLANNING and DESIGN process will overlap at a certain level at which supplementary PLANNING document would be produced. The present article reviews the literature to realize the position, the role and the necessity of applying DESIGN LED PLANNING in contemporary urban studies literature. It then defines the principles and characteristics of this approach. Major principle of DESIGN LED PLANNING areas follows:- Is based on practical objectives - Flexibility of rules and regulations- Realizing the importance and interrelationship of public realm- Considering the effect of density, mixed used and architectural characteristics on the quality of urban environment,- Importance of environmental quality Characteristics of this approach are as follow:* The DESIGN LED PLANNING approach determines the elements, structure and hierarchy of PLANNING based on the three dimensional environment and the image quality and considers the qualitative characteristics of the environment. * The DESIGN LED PLANNING approach emphasizes less on the land use standards. In this approach the preferred form and the quality of the environment is more important.* The DESIGN LED PLANNING approach determines the goals and DESIGN criteria. These goals and criteria must be considered in development and approval for plans and must be capable of introduction at large scales.* The DESIGN LED PLANNING approach evaluates the situation and priorities. This evaluation is based on the judgmental abilities of the experts, who can predict the qualitative and spatial outcomes of the development, prior to occurrence.The effect of this approach on the urban PLANNING system of England is to the extent at which the qualitative urban environmental criteria are present in urban development plans at all levels, with more impact at lower levels. This article proposes some recommendations for introduction of this approach to Iranian urban PLANNING system.

DESIGN LED PLANNING (DLP) is an inter-approach which links urban DESIGN and urban PLANNING. This approach stems from the traditional developing plans not properly responding to urban quality. In a general view linking qualities and quantities parameters in urban environments and necessity of an integrated approach between urban PLANNING and DESIGN is the main objective of DLP to urban quality and also measuring it's emphasize on urban space management system. This article is going to review DLP's theory concept and practical effect on increasing urban quality in a case study which is Tehran's cultural-artistic space (shahr theatre surrounding). In this respect development brief is a practical tool to utilize DLP approach. This research shows because of DLP's Practical characteristics and development brief output content, utilizing it can be effective to make urban PLANNING process much integrated, creating a general process to link urban PLANNING and DESIGN, speed up preparing plans and increasing the result quality. Also the result of this research shows that the existing of DESIGN and quality concerns in all developing plan levels which begins with social, economic and physical concerns and ends to a plan for developing urban spaces is necessary.

Introduction The sense of attachment to a place is one of the most important components of quality in urban spaces, which has semantic, emotional, and functional factors. This feeling takes place after understanding and judging the environment. In the case of satisfaction, it causes the optimal use of the environment and ultimately causes the continuation of the presence of individuals. In the evaluation and experiences of the implementation of urban development projects in the world and especially in our country, it has been proven that these projects have had little success in creating a qualified urban environment. In this regard, a new approach to preparing urban development plans with an approach to the city and an integrated vision calLED DESIGN-oriented PLANNING has been proposed, which is a general process to connect PLANNING to DESIGN. This topic is a product-oriented DESIGN that pays attention to all dimensions: physical, economic, social, psychological, perceptual, and visual. As one of the five cities around Tehran, Parand city is of special importance due to its location and characteristics. Its special place is due to its special place to organize the population and the activity of the urban complex in the master plan and the plan of the urban complex of Tehran, i. e., the plans beyond it. Moreover, Parand city has a special regional location, which is strategic in terms of location. This research seeks the question of how DESIGN-based PLANNING as an approach to improve the quality of the urban environment can be used to formulate a model to improve the sense of attachment to the place as one of the most important components of quality in Parand city. The key goal of this research in this direction is to determine the criteria for improving the sense of attachment to the place as an important dimension in improving the quality of urban life, emphasizing the DESIGN-LED PLANNING approach in Parand city...

Urban development is an important phenomenon in the present era. In the recent past, there has been a tendency to view DESIGN as solely a visual concern – just about what things look like and what style they are. This fails to consider the important social or environmental dimension of DESIGN, such as the potential of a high-quality public realm to contribute to public health, a more inclusive environment, quality of life and the sustainability agenda. The present paper is based on the study of England PLANNING system that introduces DESIGN LED PLANNING approach. It tries to adapt the conditions of England PLANNING system in Iran to offer recommendations for highlighting urban DESIGN policies in the PLANNING system. Local development frameworks (LDFs), offer new PLANNING tools to secure high-quality development, of the right type, in the right place, at the right time and in this way, they help planners, urban DESIGNers and urban managers. This paper is the result of library study that is based on descriptive and analytical research. The results show five key factors for application DESIGN policies in the urban development process and its objective is to help urban decision-makers to consider effective DESIGN policies beside other policies of urban development.

nowdays, the development of cities as well as the developments of urban life is one of the most important issues around the world and providing comfort and well-being of citizens along with providing positive and uplifting emotions is essential. It is important to increase the quality of urban life and improve The components related to the place have been studied and one of the important dimensions in improving the quality of life of urban dwellers is the attachment to the place. Due to the new DESIGN-LED urban PLANNING approach, this study tries to answer this important point and its purpose is to identify the factors affecting the promotion of a sense of attachment to the place by emphasizing the DESIGN-LED PLANNING approach. First, by studying the literature and previous researches in the field of sense of attachment to the place, the primary and influential factors were summarized and in order to analyze the data, the content analysis method was used. In open coding, 76 indicators were identified, which in axial coding were summarized in 9 criteria: environmental-contextual, emotional-emotional, social-participatory, physical, cultural-belief, cognitive-perceptual, user individuality, DESIGN and PLANNING. As a result, in selective coding, 3 influential factors of place identity, place dependence and DESIGN-based PLANNING were determined and presented in the form of a conceptual model of these factors affecting the promotion of sense of attachment to the place with emphasis on DESIGN-LED PLANNING approach.

ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of DESIGN and PLANNING concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive PLANNING, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and DESIGN methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of urban PLANNING. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research reveaLED dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in urban PLANNING   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based DESIGN and PLANNING emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the PLANNING and DESIGNing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in urban space DESIGN to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of DESIGN and PLANNING of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of DESIGN and PLANNING due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the DESIGN of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has LED to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic DESIGN refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental DESIGN means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making DESIGN options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory urban PLANNING and DESIGN methods, and on a small scale, it means making DESIGN options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental DESIGN in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental DESIGN has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the DESIGN and PLANNING of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and urban PLANNING with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowLEDge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because DESIGNers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental DESIGN in architecture and urban PLANNING, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental DESIGN factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental DESIGN impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between DESIGN disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the DESIGN product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the DESIGNed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in urban PLANNING and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   AcknowLEDgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Road luminaries are required to provide the luminance specified in the standards according to the road characteristics. For this reason, the light from the light source should be directed according to the desired conditions. While the range of minimum average road surface luminance recommended for different classes of road are provided; at the same time, it is desirable to be economical. In this study, a freeform lens and LED luminaire DESIGN with high luminous efficacy, low glare and uniform luminance distribution with a height of 1.5 m and a distance of 7 m between poles were DESIGNed for M3 road standards. First of all, lens DESIGN was made by using optical and illumination DESIGN software. Also, lens manufacturing and luminaire production were made as a result of the success of the DESIGN simulation test. The success of the LED luminaire in providing CIE standards has been measured on the DESIGNed road. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages have been determined by comparing with High Pressure Sodium Vapor (HPS) lamps.